| 1. What is USB port? |
| This is a Universal Serial Bus port available
on the PC. |
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| 2. What is Biometrics ? and it types
of solutions available ? |
| Biometrics is the science of measuring
an individual's physical properties.By determining an individual's
physical features in an authentication inquiry and comparing
this data with others' biometric data, identification for
a specific user can be determined and authentication for access
can be granted. |
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| 3. Why Fingerprint authentication is
mostly used ? |
| The biometrics technique uses five different
methods , they are Iris recognition, Hand geometry, Face recognition,
Digital signature, Fingerprint recognition. Out of that fingerprint
authentication method is supposed to be the most reliable
and cost effective.. so the fingerprint authentication is
mostly used. |
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| 4. How many types of Fingerprint authentication
techniques are available? |
| There are two types of fingerprint authentication
techniques mainly optical based and capacitance based. |
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| 5. Why Capacitance is more powerful
than Optical techniques ? |
|
The capacitance based fingerprint sensor overcomes some
drawbacks of optical based scanners such as: -
1. Capacitance based solutions will not compromise by a
simple photocopy of a fingerprint or a prosthesis, as it
requires live finger.
2. Capacitance sensors are small and thin, which is easy
to integrate with OEM devices.
3. It is immune to ambient light and gives high quality
image in any type of light conditions.
4. Capacitance based solutions will produce clean image
unlike optical solution which produces edges of the image
as the sensors only focus towards a small area.
5. The fingerprint will be retrieved as 1:1 image size and
is not magnified or reduced.
6. Capacitance based sensors have hard coating which withstands
severe scratch, abrasion and chemical exposures.
7. Even Greasy, Muddy, Oily, soiled, and tainted fingers
can be detected.
Advantages of Optical Device: -
1. Optical based devices are immune to Electro Static Discharge(ESD)
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| 6. How the fingerprint image will be
stored? |
| The fingerprint image will be stored in
the form of bytes. It will not be a image as it does not scan
the image. |
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| 7. How to install the Device Drivers? |
| Please refer the fpdrvinstall.pdf file |
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| 8. Whether the fingerprint image can
be viewed? |
| YES... The grey scale image of fingerprint
can be viewed. |
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| 9. How to Enroll? |
|
Enrollment process is the most important part of the fingerprint
authentication system.. this process has to be done very
carefully so that the good quality fingerprint image is
stored. This process needs the person to place the finger
on the sensor so that the maximum area of the finger is
covered.
A prerequisite for authentication is good enrollment, in
which a biometrics feature is saved as a personal reference
centrally in a database. Since the quality of the enrollment
essentially determines the performance of the authentication,
it must be implemented carefully. It is obvious that enrollment
must take place in a secure environment. Verification :During
an authentication, a new scanning of the biometrics feature
is required. This time it is not saved; instead, it is compared
to the reference feature i.e. enrolled fingerprint. If the
comparison is positive, access to the appropriate applications
can be granted.
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| 10. What are the factors affecting Enrollment? |
| The following factors affect the enrollment
process : angle, ridges clarity, excessive dry or wet finger. |
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| 11. How to store the fingerprint in
Database? |
| Refer Programmer's Manual |
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| 12. what do you mean by FAR, FRR, FTE/FER,
FIR |
False Acceptance Rate (FAR)
The FAR is the frequency that a non authorized person is accepted
as authorized. Because a false acceptance can often lead to
damages, FAR is generally a security relevant measure. FAR
is a non-stationary statistical quantity which does not only
show a personal correlation, it can even be determined for
each individual feature (called personal FAR). |
False Rejection
Rate (FRR)
The FRR is the frequency that an authorized person is rejected
access. FRR is generally thought of as a comfort criteria,
because a false rejection is most of all annoying. FRR is
a non-stationary statistical quantity which does not only
show a strong personal correlation, it can even be determined
for each individual feature (called personal FRR). |
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Failure To Enroll rate (FTE, also
FER)
The FER is the proportion of people who fail to be enrolled
successfully. FER is a non-stationary statistical quantity
which does not only show a strong personal correlation,
it can even be determined for each individual feature (called
personal FER).
Those who are enrolled yet but are mistakenly rejected
after many verification/identification attempts count for
the Failure To Acquire (FTA) rate. FTA can originate through
temporarily not measurable features ("bandage",
non-sufficient sensor image quality, etc.). The FTA usually
is considered within the FRR and need not be calculated
separately, see also FNMR and FMR.
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False Identification
Rate (FIR)
The False Identification Rate is the probability in an identification
that the biometric feature is falsely assigned to a reference.
The exact definition depends on the assignment strategy; namely,
after feature comparison, often more than one reference will
exceed the decision threshold. |
False Match Rate
(FMR)
The FMR is the rate which non-authorized people are falsely
recognized during the feature comparison. In contrast to the
FAR, attempts previously rejected due to poor (image-) quality
(Failure to Acquire, FTA) are not accounted for. Whether a
falsely recognized feature leads to increases in FAR or FRR
depends upon the application. (There are applications, which
define a successful recognition as a rejection, when, for
example, double release of identification cards for a person
with a false identity is prevented by comparing the actual
reference features with the centrally stored reference features
of all cards released so far.) |
False
Non-Match Rate (FNMR)
The FNMR is the rate that authorized people are falsely not
recognized during feature comparison. In contrast to the FRR,
attempts previously rejected due to poor (image-) quality
(Failure to Acquire, FTA) are not accounted for. Whether a
falsely recognized feature leads to increases in FAR or FRR
depends upon the application.
Is fingerprint device performance depended on the user.
Generally, yes. This applies for false acceptance rate (FAR)
as well as for false rejection rate (FRR). We experience this
in our everyday lives -- some faces are easy to recognize
and remember, whereas others are difficult. Therefore, the
means of FAR and FRR, typical indicators, are not very helpful
for individual users. This dependence on the individual user
is also responsible for the fact that statistical properties
of FAR and FRR measurements are very difficult to quantify.
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